Introduction
Arundel Castle, perched majestically on a hill overlooking the River Arun in West Sussex, England, is one of the most iconic and historically significant castles in the country. For nearly a millennium, it has been a symbol of power, nobility, and resilience, witnessing dramatic chapters of English history — from the Norman Conquest through medieval conflicts, the English Civil War, and into the modern era. This article explores the rich history of Arundel Castle, tracing its origins, architectural evolution, and the notable families and events that have shaped its legacy.
Origins and Norman Foundations
The story of Arundel Castle begins shortly after the Norman Conquest of 1066, when William the Conqueror rewarded his loyal followers with lands across England. One such beneficiary was Roger de Montgomery, Earl of Shrewsbury, who was granted vast estates in Sussex, including the town of Arundel.
Roger de Montgomery immediately set about fortifying the region. Around 1067, he established a motte-and-bailey castle on a strategic hilltop overlooking the River Arun. This early wooden fortress served both defensive and administrative purposes, enabling the Normans to exert control over the local Anglo-Saxon population.
The motte—the artificial mound on which the keep was built—was a typical Norman design feature, allowing defenders a commanding vantage point over the surrounding lands. The bailey, enclosed by a wooden palisade, contained barracks, workshops, and storage, forming the heart of the early castle settlement.
This initial structure, though largely made of timber, was crucial in establishing Norman dominance in southern England. The castle's location, near important river crossings and trade routes, enhanced its military and economic significance. shutdown123